A high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity has been characterized within PD-L1+ tumors between cancer types12, and PD-L1 can be regulated in response to a variety of inflammatory cytokines and oncogenic signaling pathways13, suggesting the immunobiological role of PD-L1 may be susceptible to transcriptional changes in tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.