CREBRF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Recently, an intriguing variant was found in Samoans, who are also susceptible to extreme obesity when eating a Western diet: A single amino acid variant (p.Arg475Gln) in CREBRF exhibits signatures of past selection and is currently associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of obesity (though puzzlingly, also a 1.6-fold decreased risk of type 2 diabetes).