ENTPD1 and autoimmune hepatitis: AhR interacts with its ligand AhR nuclear transporter to promote downstream gene expression, and HIF-1α can bind to AhR nuclear transporter to inhibit AHR signaling.118 Studies have shown that the expression of HIF-1α is increased in Th17 cells in AIH, which inhibits AhR signaling and CD39 mRNA expression, and HIF-1α silencing can partially restore CD39 levels.119