Current studies mainly target TNF-α and IL-2.238 Studies have shown that infliximab, an anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody, can achieve laboratory remission in refractory AIH patients, but some patients develop severe infectious complications.239 In addition, ~1 in 120 AIH patients treated with infliximab experienced hepatotoxicity. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and autoimmune hepatitis.