TNF and autoimmune hepatitis: CD127− Tregs showed a suppressive effect on Teffs, whereas CD127+ Tregs showed increased TNF-α over IL-10 production and increased TLR4 expression.141 The expression of CD39 in Treg cells is decreased in AIH, and silencing estrogen receptor-α or AhR repressor can promote AhR signaling and upregulate immunosuppressive adenosine.119 In addition, the levels of Tim-3 in Treg cells Galectin-9 and CD4+ Teff cells were significantly decreased in AIH.142 A lower Treg frequency and Treg/Teff ratio may be associated with a higher recurrence rate of AIH.