SYP and neurodegenerative disease: As synaptophysin and other synaptic vesicle proteins are associated with cellular plasticity underlying learning (Janz et al., 1999), downregulation of synaptophysin could be associated with loss of cognitive function (Hajjar et al., 2013) and several neurodegenerative diseases (Bai and Strong, 2014), which suggests additional challenges to neonates with respect to new synapse formation due to maternal vaping.