CCL2 and steatosis: CCL2 accumulation in murine model of liver fibrosis significantly increases the local inflammatory cell pool, inducing chronic inflammation that leads to further liver cell damage and stress responses, such as extracellular matrix deposition, steatosis, enhanced angiogenesis and the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment (Karlmark et al., 2009; Baeck et al., 2012; Baeck et al., 2014; Shao et al., 2022).