SMAD3 and infection: Lastly, under these growth conditions, Ad-FoxO3-infected cells showed significantly increased cytoplasmic phosphorylated FoxO3 (Figure 6Q) with a trend (p = .07) for increased cytoplasmic total FoxO3 (Figure 6R) compared to Ad-GFP controls, and these increases were largely reversed with concomitant Ad-Smad3/Ad-FoxO3 infection.