FOXO3 and infection: Interestingly, concomitant Ad-Smad3/Ad-FoxO3 infection significantly reversed cytoplasmic phosphorylated Smad3 (Figure 5M), largely (p = 0.05) reduced nuclear phosphorylated Smad3 (Figure 5O), and significantly reduced nuclear total Smad3 (Figure 5P) compared to Ad-Smad3 infection alone.