In the context of CRMO, the imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-19) have been linked with reduced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.