VEGFA and colorectal carcinoma: mAb therapy targets various signaling pathways, including growth factors such as endothelial growth factor (EGF), VEGF, HGF, HER2, ICIs such as CTLA-4 inhibitors and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, have gained recognition over the years due to their therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of CRC [37].