NPY and asthma: After induction, patients experience the activation of brain regions, including the ACC, insula, and limbic system, releasing neurotransmitter molecules represented by substance P(SP), histamine, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) that are transmitted to the airways through specific pathways; interacting with peripheral nerves and immune cells to exacerbate asthma symptoms; and deteriorating asthma symptoms to aggravate the adverse emotions of patients with asthma (24, 47, 48).