However, an involvement of the Akt-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway seems possible, since both are involved in CSF-1 dependent survival and proliferation of macrophages (57, 58) and were recently suggested to control CCL2 production and migration of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer patients (59). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is neoplasm.