TLR4 and injury: Extracellular peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx-1) has been found to induce chemokine production via TLR2/4/MyD88 (KC/CXCL1, MIP-2α/CXCL2, MCP-1/CCL2) and TLR4/TRIFF (RANTES/CCL5) (86), and trigger sterile inflammation in models of acute injury, including ischemic brain injuries, acute liver injury and acute lung injury (87–90).