TLR4 and gram-positive bacterial infections: On the other hand, miR-317 knockout/wild-type (KO/+) flies fared better against Gram-positive bacterial infection than the control group did (212), suggesting a novel appreciation for miRNA’s part in the survival/immunity tango in Drosophila. In addition, four Drosophila miR-310 members (miR-310, miR-311, miR-312, and miR-313) directly cotargeted the 3’UTR of Drs and decreased the expression of Drs during Gram-positive bacterial infection, which had a negative effect on the Toll mediated immune response (211).