Combining PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with type I IFN presents potential benefits, including the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, enhancement of antigen presentation on DCs, induction of PD-L1 expression on tumour cells, and sensitising cancer cells to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (14) (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.