VCAM1 and synucleinopathy: In a mouse model of degenerative synucleinopathy, ablation of PVMs by clodronate promoted the expression of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), an adhesion molecule required for cell trafficking across the BBB.77 Additionally, in that model, the depletion of PVMs enormously increased CD4 and CD8 extravasation, indicating that PVMs might act as gatekeepers to control the trafficking of lymphocytes into the CNS.