Recent in vitro and in vivo investigations have also shown that the phosphorylation of α-synuclein is significantly increased after meth treatment with phosphorylation of α-synuclein at S129, a well-established hallmark of PD [298], exacerbating its aggregation and triggering meth-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis [299]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.