HDAC9 and congenital rubella syndrome: To knockdown HDAC9 in hippocampal neurons, we injected AAV9-CaMKIIα-eGFP-3xFLAG-miR30shRNA (HDAC9) (AAV-shHDAC9) or AAV9-CaMKIIα-eGFP (AAV- shCON) into the hippocampus of WT mice and then exposed the mice to CRS (Fig. 2F).