HGF and cancer: CRLM could encompass numerous molecules and signaling cascades, such as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet signaling pathway, phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL3), TGF signaling, L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-related calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop-2) (Fig. 5A).