However, M1‐like TAMs have also shown a positive association with cancer.IL‐1β secreted by M1 macrophages induces the expression of programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) through the transcription factors IRF1 and NF‐κB, activating hepatocellular carcinoma cells.13 The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.