DDIT3 and psychosocial stress measurement: In mammals, DM (1–2.5 mg/kg) caused ER stress in mouse hippocampal neurons with elevated levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) [12]; oral administration of DM (3 mg/kg) to mice resulted in ER stress-mediated neuroinflammation [13]; and DM (5 mg/kg) exposure caused ER stress and learning deficits in the hippocampus of adult mice [10].