TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: As shown in Table 1, obesity was associated with decreased serum levels of Eotaxin and KC, and elevated serum levels of G-CSF, TNF-α in offspring mice, while KD alone was associated with elevated serum levels of G-CSF, IL-1b, IL-6, RANTES, TNF-α and decreased serum levels of IL-1a, IL-9, IL-12 (p70).