HSF1 and cancer: HSF1 generally binds to five nGAAn polymers of the heat shock element (HSE) [18] and subsequently induces the transcription of downstream heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90, which then proceed to induce the proteolytic degradation of damaged proteins, and these HSPs provide critical stress relief and exhibit metastasis promotion roles in cancers [19,20,21,22,23].