Eighth, immunomodulating treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha2 (IFN) is highly efficacious in patients in the early MPN stages—ET and PV—and early hyperproliferative myelofibrosis [238,239,240,241,244] but it is of no or minor benefit in patients with advanced myelofibrosis, in whom TGF-beta and VEGF are abundantly expressed in the bone marrow [70,72,73]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is myeloproliferative neoplasm.