By contrast, other studies speculate that MCs may promote inflammation, inhibition of tumor cell growth, and tumor cell apoptosis by releasing mediators such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, Mcpt3, Mcpt4, INF-y, TNF-α, TGF-β, LTB4, and chymase [27]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and neoplasm.