TGFA and systemic lupus erythematosus: A significant increase of a wide range of inflammatory mediators were observed in SLE patients, including IL1A, IL1B, IL1RA, IL2, IL3, IL12p40, IL12p70, IL15, IL17A, IL8, CSF3, CXCL10, CXCL9, IL6, IL10, IFNA2, CCL3, EGF, while IFNG, TGFA, IL7, IL8, sCD40L, VEGFA and CCL22 were decreased in SLE patients compared to the healthy controls (Figure 4A).