HLA-F and viral infectious disease: It is interesting to point out that HLA-F is expressed at low levels at the surface of resting cells and is mobilised to the cell membrane upon cell activation, such as in viral infection in immune cells; in bladder, skin, and liver carcinoma cell lines; or in inflammatory situations like severe asthma in both epithelial and immune cells [53,65,66,67,68,69,70].