Conversely, several groups have proposed that VDUP1 inhibits the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock [40], NASH [31], gastric carcinogenesis [33], and bladder carcinogenesis [41] by suppressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR), NF-κB, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), respectively. Here, TXNIP is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.