Furthermore, VDUP1-KO mice exhibited increased mRNA expression of macrophage-attractive chemokines, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP-1) (Figure 6D), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3/MIP1A) (Figure 6E), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC/CXCL1) (Figure 6F) in mice with DSS-induced colitis compared to WT mice. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and colitis.