Then the previously identified urine exosome biomarker PHYHD1 was tested using an ELISA kit (Abbexa Ltd., Milton, UK), which showed the concentration of PHYHD1 was significantly and differently expressed between DN and NDRD, between DN and T2DM, as well as between DN and healthy individuals (Figure 6D). This evidence concerns the gene PHYHD1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.