It has also been demonstrated that MSCs expressing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in a metastasis melanoma model decrease nodule apparition and exerted an anti-tumor effect via an activation of T cells, an upregulation of Bax pro-apoptotic protein, and a downregulation of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein [88]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and neoplasm.