For instance, both ROS elimination and ROS GSEA pathways were observed in the five cell types, suggesting that the excessive production of ROS in DKD would lead to oxidative stress in the microenvironment to stimulate the expression of TGF-β [15], and further cause the mitochondrial morphological deterioration, apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation, mesangial dilation, glomerular basement membrane thickening, renal tubule fibrosis and other characteristics (Figure 1). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.