AHR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although the specific mechanisms through which gut microbiota affect the development of T2DM are complex, some of the clearer mechanisms involve the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), bile acid (BA), branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), endotoxin-intestinal barrier, imidazole propionate (ImP), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) theories [132].