INS and diabetes mellitus: Owing to the simultaneous moderate activation of three functionally different but overlapping PPAR subtypes, chiglitazar sodium attains the ability to not only selectively alter the expression of a series of genes related to insulin sensitivity, targeting insulin resistance, which is one of the core pathological mechanisms for the occurrence and development of T2DM, but also regulates the symptoms of metabolic syndromes, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, that often accompany patients with diabetes (https://www.chipscreen.com/products/615.html (accessed on 22 June 2023)).