INS and Hypoglycemia: The hypoglycemic effect of DPP-4 inhibitors is also glucose dependent, involving a dual action on islet α- and β-cells, which promotes insulin release from β-cells by keeping incretin intact in the form of a bioactive peptide, while inhibiting glucagon secretion from α cells and preventing hypoglycemic risk due to the negative feedback regulation of glucagon via GIP in hypoglycemia.