As it is critical for the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, particularly T cells, increased serum ADA activity can be seen in diseases associated with cellular immune response, such as liver disease, typhoid, infectious mononucleosis, sarcoidosis, brucellosis, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, and certain malignancies, especially those of hematopoietic origin [45,46,47,48,49]. Here, ADA is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.