Moreover, interfering with BTK activity by applying the BTK inhibitor AVL-292 led to a reduction in NF-κB expression and dampened pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, accompanied by an abrogated the EMT and CSC enrichment, in HNSCC cells cultured under 3D conditions in our study. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.