Altogether, these results indicate that in this scenario where HIV-1 promotes CD4-mediated signals to polymerize and reorganize the cortical actin cytoskeleton, filamin-A and gelsolin/cofilin, together with moesin, have emerged as key cellular factors driving this actin cytoskeleton dance, in turn representing a barrier for HIV-1 infection (see summary in Table 1). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV-1 infection.