AIF1 and neurodegenerative disease: First, we measured the levels of some molecular effectors that have been extensively reported to be altered in neurodegenerative diseases including AD, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) [32], glial fibrillary acid protein (Gfap) [33,34], ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) [34,35], and Site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) [36], in 9-month-old SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice.