VDAC1 and cancer: In fact, a recent review also concluded that CBD can, and does, modulate mitochondrial function, but the range of effects, from neuroprotection to cancer cell killing, depend on dose, cell status and the type of cell—with several different targets, for instance, the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), which could help to explain its role in CBD’s modulation of calcium homeostasis [128].