While cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and CHOP-like regimens are commonly used as a first-line chemotherapy, patients with PTCL, except those with ALK+ ALCL, generally have poor response to conventional chemotherapy and aggressive clinical course. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and mature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.