In lung cancer, the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) binds to SMAD7 and methylates it on arginine-57, enhancing the binding of SMAD7 to the IL-6 co-receptor gp130, thereby ensuring potent activation of STAT3, which in turn promotes tumour cell proliferation and progression [112]. Here, SMAD7 is linked to lung carcinoma.