There are also numerous cytokines and chemokines that have been associated with immune activation in AIH, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-21, as well as CCL2, CXCL9-10, however many of these biomarker changes are not related only to AIH but are often seen in other auto/alloimmune disorders [25]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and autoimmune hepatitis.