TNF and diabetes mellitus: The most prevalent factors among the studies were age, gender, body mass index, length of stay, medications, vital signs, anesthesia, Braden scale, Braden subscale (sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear), diagnoses include cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, respiratory, and diagnostic tests include FABP4, IMAT, IL-1α, SEM, CK, H-FAB, Mb, Alb, Hb, CRP, IL-15, TNF-α, IFN-α, and GM-CSF [8,14,39,40,41,42].