The serum inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISAs and revealed that the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in the patient group (Fig. 4A, Table S13) compared with their family members, suggesting a systemic inflammation in CADASIL patients. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is CADASIL.