CTLA4 and cancer: It is worth noting that even if FMD does not improve the efficacy of combined anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 therapy against melanoma and lung cancer, FMD in combination with anti-OX40/anti-PD-L1 causes a strong delay in cancer growth in a sub-group of the animals tested indicating that, as observed in the clinical trials with melanoma patients, immunotherapy efficacy is likely affected by both characteristics of the tumor and the host.