IL2 and cancer: Pathway-based analyses using GWAS summary statistics (Online Methods) utilized 6290 curated gene sets and canonical pathways from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and revealed significant associations between several biological pathways and types of CH (Supplementary Fig. 12) with all types of CH associated with gene sets related to apoptosis, IL-2 signaling, DNA methylation, promyelocytic leukemia gene product (PML) targets, and cancer-related gene sets (Supplementary Data 14–18).