ATF3 and Zika virus infectious disease: In contrast, some ISGs involved in the innate immune responses following ZIKV infection and in the inhibition of RNA virus replication were elevated with hTSC differentiation, such as NFIL3, ATF3 and RIPK2, which may be associated with increased resistance to ZIKV infection during differentiation (Fig. 3b and S5B)45–47.