Atypical ductal hyperplasia, ALH and LCIS are considered non-obligate precursor lesions for DCIS and invasive carcinomas,40and confer an increased relative risk for their subsequent development throughout life, ranging from 2.6–5.0 times for ADH, 3.2–4.8 times for ALH and 6–10 times for LICS.41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is ductal breast carcinoma in situ.