CDKN3 and cancer: In the majority of cancer types, CDKN3 functions as an oncogene and its gene expression is upregulated, including, nasopharyngeal,[18] cervical,[19] lung,[20] prostate,[21] breast,[22] esophageal,[23] liver,[24] and renal cancer cells.[25] Thus, it promotes tumorigenesis and is negatively correlated with survival.