Influenza-infected mice superinfected with A. fumigatus had increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interferon (IFN)β, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL-1β, CXC motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and influenza.