In particular, semiquantitative analysis revealed that the percentages of S100A4+ and α-SMA+ cells/hpf, as well as that of Snail1+ nuclei/hpf, were significantly increased in HdLy-MVECs cultured with SSc serum or TGFβ1 compared to those maintained in basal medium or treated with healthy serum (Figure 5). Here, SNAI1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.