SREBF1 and hyperinsulinism: Hyperinsulinemia, which results from insulin resistance, promotes transcriptional induction of SREBP1c, a key transcription factor in the regulation of lipogenic gene expression (10), through activation of a signaling pathway including the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, PI3K, and either Akt or atypical PKC in hepatocytes (11–15), whereas insulin also promotes proteolytic activation of SREBP1c (16).