Hyperinsulinemia, which results from insulin resistance, promotes transcriptional induction of SREBP1c, a key transcription factor in the regulation of lipogenic gene expression (10), through activation of a signaling pathway including the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, PI3K, and either Akt or atypical PKC in hepatocytes (11–15), whereas insulin also promotes proteolytic activation of SREBP1c (16). Here, INS is linked to hyperinsulinism.