CD8A and neoplasm: Traditionally, CD8+ T cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, follicular helper T cells, activated NK cells, NKT cells, and M1 macrophages are thought to be anti-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), while regulatory T cells, M2 macrophages, and cancer associated fibroblasts are considered to be pro-cancer cells (Fridman et al., 2012; Sica and Mantovani, 2012; Bae et al., 2019; Chen and Song, 2019; Togashi et al., 2019; St Paul and Ohashi, 2020; Laskowski et al., 2022; Laumont et al., 2022; Li H. et al., 2023; Cai et al., 2023; Gutiérrez-Melo and Baumjohann, 2023).