Additionally, in transgenic models, excessive expression of TGF-1 was shown to support FSGS by providing strong proapoptotic stimulation of podocytes [24].Though participants in our study appeared to have normal renal functions and albumin excretion rates in urine, AAS+DS users had significantly lower cystatin C-based GFR values than DS users and significantly higher amounts of albumin excretion. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is Dravet syndrome.